![]() ![]() For these reasons, AG work in aerobic conditions and have poor activity against anaerobic bacteria. The main target of action is bacterial ribosome to enter, there it must pass through cytoplasmic membrane requiring energy dependent active bacterial transport mechanism, which requires oxygen and an active proton motive force. The aminoglycosides (AG's) are positively-charged molecules which attach to the OM which is negatively charged leading to formation of large pores, and thus allow antibiotic penetration inside the bacterium. This review discusses the mechanism of action and resistance development in commonly used antimicrobials. Better understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance will help clinicians regarding usage of antibiotics in different situations. Determination of bacterial resistance to antibiotics of all classes (phenotypes) and mutations that are responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics (genetic analysis) are helpful. ![]() The biochemical resistance mechanisms used by bacteria include the following: antibiotic inactivation, target modification, altered permeability, and “bypass” of metabolic pathway. The antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a major problem in the treatment of microbial infections. With time, the bacteria have become smarter and along with it, massive imprudent usage of antibiotics in clinical practice has resulted in resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents. This is mainly due to the emergence of newer infectious agents and more specifically due to the appearance of antimicrobial resistance. Infections account for a major cause of death throughout the developing world. ![]()
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